conducting research, enlarging, advising on or applying scientific knowledge obtained through the study of structures and properties of physical matter and phenomena, chemical characteristics and processes of various substances, materials and products, all forms of human, animal and plant life and of mathematical and statistical concepts and methods
// Sub-major group · 21
Science and Engineering Professionals
Science and engineering professionals conduct research, improve or develop concepts, theories and operational methods, or apply scientific knowledge relating to fields such as physics, astronomy, meteorology, chemistry, geophysics, geology, biology, ecology, pharmacology, medicine, mathematics, statistics, architecture, engineering, design and technology. Competent performance in most occupations in this sub-major group requires skills at the fourth ISCO skill level.
advising on, designing and directing construction of buildings, towns and traffic systems, or civil engineering and industrial structures, as well as machines and other equipment
advising on and applying mining methods and ensuring their optimum use
surveying land and sea and making maps
studying and advising on technological aspects of particular materials, products and processes, and on efficiency of production and work organization
preparing scientific papers and reports. Supervision of other workers may be included.
Included occupations
Occupations in this sub-major group are classified into the following minor groups:
211 Physical and Earth Science Professionals
212 Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians
213 Life Science Professionals
214 Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)
215 Electrotechnology Engineers
216 Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers
Inside 21
Minor group
211 Physical and Earth Science Professionals
Minor group
212 Mathematicians, Actuaries and Statisticians
Minor group
213 Life Science Professionals
Minor group
214 Engineering Professionals (excluding Electrotechnology)
Minor group
215 Electrotechnology Engineers
Minor group
216 Architects, Planners, Surveyors and Designers