Important Information
Canada has aligned the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS) with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).
This document discusses the WHMIS requirements as regulated by federal legislation – the Hazardous Products Act and the Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR). This document reflects the Hazardous Products Regulations requirements as of December 15, 2022.
Health Canada is the government body responsible for the overall WHMIS supplier-related laws. Note that WHMIS is also regulated in the workplace by the provinces, territories and federal governments (for federally regulated workplaces) under their occupational health and safety legislation. While these jurisdictions based their WHMIS regulations on the common model, small variations between jurisdictions may exist.
Suppliers and employers must use and follow the new WHMIS requirements for labels and safety data sheets (SDSs) for hazardous products sold, distributed, or imported into Canada.
Please refer to the following OSH Answers documents for more information about WHMIS:
- context WHMIS – General
- context WHMIS – Pictograms
- context WHMIS – Labels
- context WHMIS – Hazard Classes and Categories
- context WHMIS – Safety Data Sheets (SDSs)
- context WHMIS – Education and Training
- context WHMIS – WHMIS Program
- context WHMIS – Glossary
- context WHMIS – Confidential Business Information (CBI)
- context WHMIS – Variances
- context WHMIS - Information for Suppliers and Importers
- context WHMIS - Legislation
Does WHMIS apply in laboratories?
Yes. WHMIS applies to hazardous products that are used, handled, or stored in all Canadian workplaces, including those found in laboratories. However, there are some unique circumstances that can apply to hazardous products in a laboratory setting. Some of these situations are treated differently with respect to hazard communication requirements – each of the following situations will be discussed in this document:
Other situations may also be relevant in a laboratory. For situations not covered by this document, please consult the WHMIS regulations and/or your jurisdiction for more information.
Note that while in certain circumstances, some hazardous products may be exempt from the WHMIS requirements for a label or SDS, employers must still provide education and training on the hazards, safe use, and storage of these products.
- context products purchased for laboratories
- context small containers
- context decanted products
- context hazardous products developed in a laboratory
- context laboratory samples
- context biohazardous infectious materials
What requirements apply when labelling decanted products?
Decanting is a common laboratory practice where a hazardous product may be transferred or poured into another container. A workplace label is required:
The following information must be present on a workplace label:
More information on labels is available in the OSH Answers WHMIS - Labels.
- context if the product is not used immediately,
- context if more than one person will be in control of the product, or
- context if the product is not used up during the shift in which it was decanted.
- context Product name (matching the SDS product name).
- context Safe handling precautions (may include pictograms or other supplier label information).
- context A reference to the SDS (if available).
What requirements apply to laboratory samples?
For hazardous products sent to the laboratory for analysis or for products that are in the process of being developed, exemptions could apply if certain conditions are met. A laboratory sample is defined in the Hazardous Products Regulations as a sample of a hazardous product that:
Examples of laboratory samples include:
Laboratory samples do not require an SDS if they are transferred for a specific purpose to a laboratory without ownership change ("bailed") and:
"Bailed" means transfer of possession without transfer of ownership. In this situation, the laboratory does not own the laboratory sample but has possession of the sample while conducting testing on behalf of the owner.
Reduced information on the label of a laboratory sample that is transferred without transferring ownership (bailed) is accepted when the sample is:
At a minimum, a laboratory sample must be labelled with the following information (see also Figure XYZ):
Figure 2 – Example of a Laboratory Sample Label
- context is packaged in a container that contains less than 10 kilograms of the hazardous product,
- context is intended solely to be tested in a laboratory, and
- context does not include a sample that is to be used by a laboratory for testing other products or for educational or demonstration purposes.
- context samples for quality control testing,
- context samples provided for the development of industrial processes,
- context diagnostic specimens (e.g., blood or tissue samples), and
- context industrial hygiene samples.
- context the chemical name and concentration of the hazardous product or its ingredients are not known, or
- context the hazardous product is not yet available on the market (i.e., has not been offered or exposed for transfer of ownership).
- context a substance where the chemical name is not known
- context a mixture where the chemical name of one or more of its ingredients is not known or where the concentration of one or more of its ingredients is not known
- context where the supplier has not offered or exposed the hazardous product for transfer of ownership
- context the chemical name or generic chemical name of the substance, if it is known by the supplier,
- context the chemical name or generic chemical name of any ingredient in a mixture that is in the laboratory sample, if known by the supplier, and
- context the statement "Hazardous Laboratory Sample. For hazard information or in an emergency call ... / Échantillon pour laboratoire de produit dangereux. Pour obtenir des renseignements sur les dangers ou en cas d’urgence, composez …" followed by an emergency telephone number for the person who can provide information that would be required on the SDS.
What are the requirements for Biohazardous Infectious Materials (BIMs)?
WHMIS has a hazard class for biohazardous infectious materials (BIMs).
BIMs are micro-organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites), nucleic acids, or proteins that cause or probably cause infection in people or animals. In Canada, hazardous products that meet the criteria for classification in this hazard class must have a nine-heading appendix to the SDS to provide information specific to the biohazard (see Table 1). This hazard class was retained from WHMIS 1988.
There are variations and exceptions that apply to labels and SDSs for BIMs used in the laboratory.
BIM SDS
A full supplier label and a 16-section SDS with a 9-section appendix are required when a laboratory receives a hazardous product that is classified as a BIM. This requirement applies to a hazardous product that is only classified as a BIM or that is classified as a BIM and another hazard class. The requirement is the same whether the BIM product was purchased, imported into the lab, or bailed from an owner.
Laboratory workers should be aware that there are Pathogen Safety Data Sheets available for pathogens at the Public Health Agency of Canada website. These pathogen safety data sheets are technical documents that describe the hazardous properties of the pathogen and provide recommendations for work involving these agents in a laboratory setting. Note that work involving pathogens in Canada may require compliance with international, national, and provincial laws and guidelines.
- general Name
- general Synonym or cross-reference
- general Characteristics
- chemical Pathogenicity/toxicity
- general Epidemiology
- general Host range
- biological Infectious dose
- general Mode of transmission
- general Incubation period
- general Communicability
- general Reservoir
- general Zoonosis
- general Vectors
- general Drug susceptibility/resistance
- general Susceptibility to disinfectants
- general Physical inactivation
- general Survival outside host
- general Surveillance
- general First aid/treatment
- general Immunization
- general Prophylaxis
- general Laboratory-acquired infections
- general Sources/specimens
- general Primary hazards
- general Special hazards
- general Risk group classification
- general Containment requirements
- general Protective clothing
- general Other precautions
- general Spills
- general Disposal
- general Storage
- general Regulatory information
- general Last file update (date)
- general Prepared by (name of author)
What are the requirements for laboratory samples that are biohazardous infectious materials?
There are exemptions that apply if the biohazardous infectious materials (BIM) is a laboratory sample (see Table 1). Biohazardous infectious material laboratory samples have different SDS or label requirements in these situations:
* Note that this exemption does not apply to cross-border shipments.
The reduced label requirements for a laboratory sample that is sold or imported and is only classified as a BIM are:
Hazardous wastes that are contaminated by BIMs are still treated as hazardous wastes and are exempt from WHMIS labels and SDS requirements.
For more information, see Part 5 (Exceptions) of Health Canada's Guidance on the WHMIS supplier requirements.
- general the product identifier,
- biological the chemical name (that is, the scientific name of the infectious microorganism, nucleic acid or protein) or generic chemical name (if the exact identity of the microorganism, nucleic acid or protein is unknown) of any material that is in the hazardous product and that is classified as a biohazardous infectious material, if known by the supplier,
- general the initial supplier identifier, and
- general the statement "Hazardous Laboratory Sample. For hazard information or in an emergency call ... / Échantillon pour laboratoire de produit dangereux. Pour obtenir des renseignements sur les dangers ou en cas d’urgence, composez …" followed by an emergency telephone number for the person who can provide information that would be required on the SDS.