Sarcoidosis

What is sarcoidosis?

• context Sarcoidosis is an immune system disorder that can attack any organ of the body. However, it most frequently starts in the lungs and lymph nodes, particularly those in the chest cavity. Sarcoidosis is characterized by the presence of small (microscopic) areas or lumps of inflamed cells called granulomas. The granulomas can grow and form larger clusters within an organ and may affect the function of that organ. Granulomas can be found inside the body, for example, on the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles (breathing tubes) in the lungs. They can also appear as sores on the skin. Sarcoidosis also affects the eyes and liver and less often, the spleen, nerves, heart, brain, salivary glands, tear glands, bones and joints.

What causes sarcoidosis?

• context The exact cause is not known. Research suggests that a combination of genetics and environmental factors may play a role.

What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis?

Sarcoidosis causes a variety of symptoms or no symptoms at all. It is not contagious. Symptoms vary depending on which organs are affected. General symptoms may include fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, weight loss, and pain and swelling in the joints (e.g., ankles). Patients suffering from pulmonary (lung) sarcoidosis may have a persistent dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and chest pain. Skin issues may include Sarcoidosis can also affect the eyes without causing any symptoms. When eye symptoms do occur, they may include eye pain, blurred vision, severe redness, and sensitivity to light. Burning, itching or dry eyes may also occur. Heart issues may include: Nervous system issues may include:

• context rash of red or purple-red bumps, often near the shins or ankles
• context disfiguring sores on the nose, cheeks, and ears
• context areas of the skin that are lighter or darker in colour
• context growths under the skin, particularly around scars or tattoos
• context chest pain
• context shortness of breath
• context fainting
• context fatigue
• context irregular heartbeats
• context rapid or fluttering heart beat
• context swelling caused by excess fluid
• context increased thirst or amounts of urine
• context weak or paralyzed facial muscles
• context headaches
• context seizures

How is sarcoidosis recognized?

• context The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on the patient's medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, lung function studies, chest x-rays, CT scans, eye exams, and other medical tests. The diagnosis is confirmed by eliminating other diseases having similar symptoms and performing a biopsy on any of the affected organs. Sarcoidosis is not a type of cancer.

How common is it?

• context Sarcoidosis usually occurs between the ages of 20 to 40 years. People of African and Northern European descent are more likely to have sarcoidosis. It affects both men and women but studies show it is more likely to occur in women. People with a family history of sarcoidosis are more likely to develop the disease.

What is the treatment for sarcoidosis?

• context Many patients recover completely without treatment. When therapy is recommended, drugs are used to reduce inflammation or suppress the immune system.

Should sarcoidosis be an occupational concern?

The link between sarcoidosis and work has not been established.