// Radiation

Exposure to Radiofrequency Energy from Cellular Telephones

What type of energy does a cellular phone use? Cell phones (and cell phone towers) use low-powered radiofrequency (RF) energy, a type of non-ionizing radiation.

What type of energy does a cellular phone use?

context Cell phones (and cell phone towers) use low-powered radiofrequency (RF) energy, a type of non-ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation is not able to break the chemical bonds in your body.
context Radiofrequency fields are produced by many man-made sources, including cellular (mobile) phones and base stations, television and radio broadcasting facilities, radar, medical equipment, microwave ovens, RF induction heaters, and many other electronic devices in our personal and work environments.

Can this energy be absorbed by the body?

context The amount of radiofrequency energy absorbed by the body depends on a number of factors, including how close you hold the cell phone to your body, and the strength and frequency of the signal. According to Health Canada, cell phones are designed to use the lowest power necessary to connect and make calls using a network of fixed, low-power cell phone towers or base stations. The phones and towers must comply with Health Canada's guidelines in terms of human exposure to radiofrequency energy.

Are there health risks from cell phones?

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as Class 2B "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The Class 2B is used "for agents for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals". IARC examined available literature about personal exposures associated with the use of wireless telephones, in addition to occupational exposures to radar and microwaves, and environmental exposures associated with the transmission of signals for radio, television and wireless communication. They concluded that there is "limited" evidence among users of wireless telephones for glioma (a type of brain cancer) and acoustic neuroma (a non-cancerous tumour of the nerve that connects the ear to the brain). They did not find adequate evidence to make conclusions about other types of cancers or exposures. IARC announced that while there was some evidence to support the 2B classification, more studies are required before further conclusions can be made. Health Canada adds that "This decision was based on limited evidence showing an increased risk for glioma, a malignant type of brain cancer, associated with wireless phone use. However: We agree with the World Health Organization that additional research in this area is warranted." Health Canada also states that "based on the available scientific evidence, there are no health risks from exposure to the low levels of radiofrequency EMF which people are exposed to from cell phones, cell phone towers, antennas and 5G devices."

general IARC did not find a direct link between radiofrequency EMF [electromagnetic fields] exposure and cancer
general the vast majority of research to date does not support a link between radiofrequency EMF exposure and cancers in humans

What precautions can I take if I am concerned about radiofrequency exposure?

If you wish to further reduce your potential exposure to radiofrequency energy, precautions may include: In addition, using cell phones or other devices can be distracting. Do not drive or participate in other activities that require attention for your personal safety while using the phone. Please see the OSH Answers document Driving Tips - Using Cellular Telephones and Other Devices for examples.

context Limit the number and length of calls (time spent talking on the phone)
context Use hands-free devices
context Send a text message
context Make calls from areas with good reception

Are there guidelines about radiofrequency exposure?

context Health Canada's guideline document "Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz" (commonly referred to as Safety Code 6) establishes protection measures.