Metalworking Machines - Lathes

What should you know before using a lathe?

Lathes can be dangerous if not used properly. Please refer to the OSH Answers on Metalworking Machines - General for basic safety tips.

• context Read the owner's manual carefully.
• context Make sure you understand instructions and are properly trained before operating a lathe.

What are some safety principles to follow when using a lathe?

• context Wear appropriate CSA-certified safety glasses. It may be necessary for others in the area to wear safety glasses also as objects will fly off the work.
• context Make sure entanglement hazards are removed (e.g. loose clothing, jewellery, etc.). Tie back and confine long hair.
• context Keep the floor free from obstructions, or slip hazards.
• context Make sure the lathe has a start/stop button within easy reach of the operator.
• context Make sure the lathe has an emergency stop button (e-stop).
• context Follow job specifications for the speed, feed and depth of cut for materials being turned. Make sure all work runs true and centered.
• context Centre-drill work deeply enough to provide support for the piece while it is turning.
• context Secure and clamp the piece being worked.
• context Adjust the tool and tool rest so that they are slightly above the centre of the work.
• context Use a lifting device to handle heavy chucks or work. Refer to Materials Handling for additional information.
• context Inspect chucks for wear or damage. Flying pieces can be very dangerous.
• context Remove the chuck wrench immediately after adjusting the chuck.
• context Use a barrier guard when operating the lathe in semi-automatic or automatic mode.
• context Guard all power transmission parts.
• context Remove all tools, measuring instruments and other objects from the saddle or lathe bed before starting the machine.
• context Keep all lathe-cutting tools sharp.
• context Ensure that the chip and coolant shields are in place.
• context Shut off the power supply to the motor before mounting or removing accessories.
• context Stop the lathe before taking measurements of any kind.
• context Use a vacuum, brush or rake to remove cuttings only after the lathe has stopped moving.
• context Keep the working surface clean of scraps, tools and materials.
• context Keep the floor around the lathe clean and free of oil and grease.

What steps should you follow when filing?

This procedure is done by hand. Take extra care because it involves reaching over rotating work.

• context Cover the lathe bed with paper.
• context Set the lathe at twice the speed used for turning.
• context Adjust work freely between centres. If available, use a rotating dead centre.
• context Disengage the lead screw by placing the reverse lever in a neutral position.
• context Select a suitable long-handled lathe or mill file with a properly fitted handle.
• context Grip file handle in left hand and use the fingers of the right hand to balance and guide file at the point. This method ensures that arms and hands will be clear of the head stock.
• context Move the file along the work after each stroke so that each cut overlaps approximately one-half the width of the file.
• context Use long strokes, applying pressure only on the forward stroke.
• context Use approximately 40 strokes per minute.
• context Clean the loaded file with a file brush and rub file teeth with a little chalk.